Humpback whale printout with interesting facts about humpback whales. The largest baleen whales strain and eat as much as a ton of fish and plankton each day. Baleen is a series of stiff, flexible material that hang from the upper jaw. Werth5 1department of biology, hopkins marine station, stanford university, paci. The anatomy of the late miocene baleen whale cetotherium. Bottlenose dolphin blue whale rissos dolphin gray whale killer whale orca minke whale harbor porpoise fin whale sperm whale humpback whale. In the eye of a land mammal, the cornea focuses light rays toward the lens, which further focuses the light rays onto the retina. The plates are made of keratin which is a hard and tough. Baleen is made of keratin the same substance our fingernails and hair are made of. Anatomy and functional morphology of the mysticete rorqual. Pdf the anatomy of a late miocene baleen whale from.
This worksheet will engage children in reading, spelling, copy work, and labeling. Humpback whales are large marine mammals that depend on specific environmental conditions to survive. Here i present the first detailed description of prenatal specimens of minke whales balaenoptera acutorostrata and balaenoptera bonaerensis, focusing on the skull anatomy and tooth germ development, resorption, and baleen growth. It includes whale science, reading, and nonfiction writing activities to teach all about whales toothed whales and baleen whales. The comparative osteology of the petrotympanic complex. They have baleen plates hanging down from both sides of their long upper jaw. Baleen whales are grouped into four families and they range in size from the blue whale which can grow up to 33m 108ft long, to the pygmy right whale, which is 6. The worlds 82 types of whales are mainly divided into two groups deriving from their food and eating habits, and consequently, their anatomy. The baleen system works by a whale opening its mouth underwater and taking in water. In the southern ocean and antarctic waters, baleen whales such as the blue, fin and humpback whales, feed on antarctic krill. A few features make up the differences among the baleen whales.
Discovery of a low frequency sound source in mysticeti. I have written a short introduction to each family and a list of species in that family. Baleen whales sexual size dimorphism is reversed among the species of baleen whales with females attaining asymptotic lengths that are generally 5% longer than males. We redescribe cetotherium riabinini, a littleknown baleen whale from the late miocene of the eastern paratethys. The overall size is an indication of the function of this organ as a producer of loud and lowfrequency sounds, as increased size of vocal folds and resonant spaces correspond to longer.
The auditory anatomy of the minke whale balaenoptera acutorostrata. Well talk more about the role of throat grooves a bit later. Other whales, like right whales, are skim feeders and move slowly through the water with their mouths open as the water flows in the front of the mouth and out in between the baleen. Mammals introduction whales, dolphins, and porpoises together constitute the cetacea english. There are two types of whales, baleen and toothed whales. Anatomy of a whale mouth pectoral fin with baleen or teeth flippers dorsal knuckles or dorsal fin when present. The baleen plates of whales and some other special features about mouth part of whales differ among each species of whales. Science biology earth science summer school school fun school stuff. Their method is based on restricted boltzmann machine and sparse autoencoder fed on spectrogram. The auditory anatomy of the minke whale balaenoptera. The largest species are the baleen whales like the blue whale. Anatomy of a humpback national oceanic and atmospheric.
There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. The right whales dont have a dorsal fin, and they also dont have throat grooves, which are a big key to a rorqual whales identity. Pdf the auditory anatomy of the minke whale balaenoptera. Nearly onethird to onehalf of the baleen whale s body comprises a head and pleated throat used for engulfing large volumes of seawater containing aggregations.
Information about the openaccess article anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale. In right whales, the calving interval is usually three years. Evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale j. Rorquals have a small dorsal fin, while the gray whale has more of a small dorsal hump. Flippers melon blowhole one rostrum blowhole two teeth flukes medial notch dorsal fin ventral grooves baleen eyes flippers flippers. See more ideas about baleen whales, whale and sea creatures. They live individually or in very small pods groups. Toothed whales are predators that use their teeth to catch squid, fish, marine mammals, etc. Memoriza tion of facts is necessary for learning science.
Cetacea from the oligocene of new zealand robert w. This is epitomized by rorquals, and specifically male humpback whales megaptera novaeangliae whose complex songs comprise a wide range of vocalizations. The blue whale balaenoptera musculus is the largest baleen whale and the largest animal that ever lived on earth. This is pumped up and down to propel the whale through the water. The sound production mechanism of odontocetes toothed whales, including dolphins and porpoises is well described, in contrast to that of mysticetes whose. Some of the biggest individuals may eat up to 6 tons of krill in 1 day. Most baleen whales undertake extensive migrations for feeding. All about baleen whales reproduction seaworld parks.
The humpback whale, in particular, is famous for the complexity of its songs payne and mcvay, 1971. The ontogenetic sequence described consists of 10 specimens of both minke whale species, from the earliest fetal. Mysticeti comprise the families balaenidae right and bowhead whales, balaenopteridae rorquals, cetotheriidae the pygmy right whale, and eschrichtiidae the. Baleen plates are broad at the base gumline and taper into a fringe which forms a curtain or mat inside the whale s mouth. The name baleen whale is derived from from the baleen plates in their mouth which collect small particles of food, mainly of krill, plankton and small fish. Some whales will have similar body parts so, you can use terms from the word bank more than once. They grow very rapidly during their first year, after which they hardly increase in size for several years. Unfortunately, the anatomy and physiology of mysticete sound production is very difficult to study, due to the impracticality of keeping a live specimen in captivity. Apr 11, 2018 baleen is a substance made of keratin the protein that makes up human fingernails. This whale resource has almost 150 pages full of everything you need for your whale theme. Even in a juvenile specimen, it is noted to be larger than either one of the whale s lungs fig. Baleen whale, suborder mysticeti, any cetacean possessing unique epidermal modifications of the mouth called baleen, which is used to filter food from water. The whales then open their mouth and take in enormous quantities of. Blue whales grow to be 80 feet 25 m long on average and are long and missileshaped with a very small dorsal fin and long, thin flippers.
Like other mammals and unlike other vertebrates, they nurse their young. All modern cetacea live in water and cannot survive out of the water. Lesson 1 anatomy of a humpback whale lesson at a glance students brainstorm what features a marine mammal needs to survive in a marine environment. Comparative anatomy of baleen whale blowholes conclusions differences in the nasal anatomies between the two species supports our hypothesis. The inside of the baleen is edged with hairy plates that filter krill. Children will identify, and read parts such as, the flukes, blowholes, tubercles, baleen, anus, pectoral fins, and more. Baleen whales have two blowholes nostrils on the top of the head and so their blows are bushier than those of toothed whales who have a single blowhole. Laitman center for anatomy and functional morphology, mount sinai school of medicine, new york, new york abstract the mechanism of mysticete baleen whale vocalization has remained a mystery. In addition, some cetaceans exhibit a reduction in digit. Balaenids are distinguished by their enlarged head and thick blubber, while rorquals and gray whales generally have a flat head, long throat pleats, and are more streamlined. Ketten,1,2 julie arruda,1,3 scott cramer,1 and kathleen moore4 1woods hole oceanographic institution biology department, woods hole, massachusetts 2harvard medical school department of otology and. Flippers melon blowhole one rostrum beak blowhole two teeth flukes median notch dorsal fin ventral grooves baleen eyes.
Many mysticetes baleen whales are acoustically active marine mammals. Baleen whales systematic name mysticeti, also known as whalebone whales, form a. Baleen whales have two blowholes positioned in a vshape while toothed whales have only one blowhole. The anatomy of a late miocene baleen whale from ukraine.
They are a widely distributed and diverse parvorder of carnivorous marine mammals. The anatomy of the late miocene baleen whale cetotherium riabinini from ukraine. Salient morphological features are illustrated and identified, including overall shape of the bulla, size of. George,2 robert suydam,2 raphaela stimmelmayr2,3 and denise mcburney1 1department of anatomy and neurobiology, northeast ohio medical university, rootstown, oh, usa 2department of wildlife management, north slope borough, barrow, ak, usa. The anatomy of the late miocene baleen whale cetotherium riabinini from ukraine article pdf available in acta palaeontologica polonica 594. A blue whale gulps up to 50 tonnes of water and krill in one mouthful, but swallows only the krill.
Pdf feeding behavior, prey type, and habitat appear to be associated with the morphological design of body, fluke, and flippers in baleen whales find. Pdf the anatomy of a late miocene baleen whale from ukraine. Anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale. This worksheet is a great introduction to the parts of a baleen whale. In a previous anatomical investigation of a neonate gray. Balaenopterid whales like the minke whale also lungefeed, dropping their mandibles by almost 90. Ah, to be jonah and watch baleen in action from a seat on a whale. Tongue and hyoid musculature and functional morphology of a. Knowledge on whale evolution and anatomy may help entangled whales and improve treatment of sick whales. Characteristic baleen plates and paired blowholes help distinguish baleen whales from toothed whales.
Baleen whales are some of the largest animals on earth. Habitat, feeding, reproduction, anatomy, predators, communication, social structure and more information about whales. Baleen whales typically undertake longdistance migrations between their northern or southern feeding areas and their tropical breeding areas and may not feed while. Fin whale whale print blue whale baleen whales enchanted learning marine biology zoology teaching materials bulletin board. Baleen whales are filter feeders, with baleen plates instead of teeth. This is an online quiz called baleen whale anatomy. In addition to the specimens from such foetuses, i examined the prenatal layers of ear plugs from adult baleen whales, which also includes the blue balaenoptera musculus, the brydes balanoptera edeni and the minke whale. Background anatomical comparisons of the ear region of baleen whales mysticeti are provided through detailed osteological descriptions and highresolution photographs of the petrotympanic complex tympanic bulla and petrosal bone of all extant species of mysticete cetaceans. The ends of a whales baleen are always wearing out. The gray whale is one of the oldest mammal species on the planet.
They gulp in large amounts of water and use baleen to filter out small prey, such as kril\. The lens of a marine mammals eye is stronger than that of a land mammal. These black and white markings are as unique to each wh. Baleen whale creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation.
The right whales dont have a dorsal fin, and they also dont have throat grooves, which are a big key to a rorqual whale s identity. Baleen whale creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation science. A whales baleen bristles reveal the story of its life. Previous work on gray whale buccal anatomy is limited to morphological descriptions of the hyoid bones andrews, 1914 and brief descriptions of the gross morphology of the tongue andrews, 1914. They roleplay as humpback whales to learn how whales are designed for life in the ocean. Baleen whales have as many as 600 plates of baleen in their upper jaws. The two types of whales are the baleen whale species and. Unusual for a baleen whale, female minkes and humpbacks can become pregnant immediately after giving birth. Balaenidae right whales, balaenopteridae rorquals, cetotheriidae pygmy right whale, and eschrichtiidae.
The whale then pushes the water out, and animals such as krill are filtered by the baleen and remain as a food source for the whale. This marine mammal is a baleen whale, and all baleen whales have two blowholes. Baleen whales have a sievelike structure called baleen that catches huge amounts of tiny krill for nourishment. Extant mysticetes filter feed using three different behaviors werth, 2000. The peculiar feeding apparatus of waharoa ruwhenua and other eomysticetidae may be interpreted in the context of feeding behavior and functional anatomy of extant baleen whales. Sep 01, 2017 a whales baleen bristles reveal the story of its life.
Baleen takes on different forms in different species of cetaceans, as well as in different parts of the mouth. Despite the importance of baleen to the ecology and natural history of these animals, relatively little work has been done on baleen morphology, particularly with regard to the threedimensional morphology and structure of baleen. Some baleen whales, like the humpback whale, feed by gulping large amounts of prey and water and then using their tongue to force the water out in between the baleen plates. In addition to the specimens from such foetuses, i examined the prenatal layers of ear plugs from adult baleen whales, which also includes the blue balaenoptera musculus, the brydes balanoptera edeni and the minke whale balaenoptera acutorostrata. While, unlike a modern baleen whale, janjucetus lacked baleen in its jaw, the anatomy shows sufficient similarity to baleen whales. Baleen whales are cetaceans classified under the parvorder mysticeti, and consist of four extant families. Baleen whales are obligate filter feeders, straining preyladen seawater through racks of keratinized baleen plates. Whales are cetaceans, mammals fully adapted to aquatic life. Whales strain seawater through the baleen, and hairs on the baleen capture fish, shrimp, and plankton. Baleen whale anatomy diagram to label baleen whales, whale. We studied how the blowholes of minke and humpback whales differ blowhole science. The blowhole of a sperm whale, a toothed whale, is located left of centre in the frontal area of the snout, and is actually its left nostril, while the right nostril lacks an opening to the surface and its nasal passage is otherwise well developed.
Review of baleen whale mysticeti reproduction and implications for management article pdf available in report international whaling commission 6. Baleen whales systematic name mysticeti, also known as whalebone whales, form a parvorder of the infraorder cetacea whales, dolphins and porpoises. This pack has everything you need to teach about whales lesson suggestions. Multiple steroid and thyroid hormones detected in baleen. Evolution of hyperphalangy and digit reduction in the. Morphological specializations of baleen whales associated with. The great whales marine mammal institute oregon state university. In general, baleen whales weigh about 1 ton for each foot of length. An annotated translation of tycho tullbergs classic 1883 paper douglas s. Baleen whales strain huge volumes of ocean water through their baleen plates to capture food.
The blue whale, which has been measured at almost 100 feet 30 meters in length and weighs 200 tons, is the biggest. All cetaceans have a long, strong diaphragm which allows them to rapidly exhale as they surface and quickly inhale before submerging. The salt water then flows back out of the whale s mouth. Baleen whale anatomy diagram to label baleen whales. They feed almost exclusively on krill, straining huge volumes of ocean water through their baleen plates which hang from the roof of the mouth and work like a sieve. Feeding apparatus as already well known, all of the baleen whales take their foods with their baleen plates or whalebone. Baleen whales seek out concentrations of small planktonic animals. Toothed whales include pilot whales, beaked whales, narwhals, orcas, and sperm whales. Baleen whales do not have an enlarged mandibular hiatus to house fats with any acoustic function or a thin pan bone region in the mandible.
The blowholes are connected directly to the lungs, so the whale can take a. The size of the mysticete larynx is absolutely and relatively large, compared with that of other mammals. Insights into potential sound reception pathways in a baleen whale. Sexual dimorphism scripps whale acoustics laboratory. Apr 10, 2012 baleen whales do not have an enlarged mandibular hiatus to house fats with any acoustic function or a thin pan bone region in the mandible. Anatomical establishment of a vocal fold homolog joy s. The anatomy of the baleen whale ear is somewhat typical of an ear adapted to hear lowfrequency sounds. Baleen is a filterfeeding system inside the mouths of baleen whales.
Estimates of sexual maturity in baleen whales range from about 4 to 11 years, depending on the species. And learn about the importance of making smart choices on land to keep the earths oceans, and the creatures who live there, healthy. Blue whales are the largest animals ever to live on our planet. For example, brydes whales are sexually mature at about 12 m 39 ft, while minke whales are mature at about 78 m 2326 ft. The anatomy of the largest lunge filterfeedersincluding minke, humpback, fin, and blue whales examined by goldbogen et al. A potential fatty sound reception pathway in a baleen whale maya yamato,1 darlene r. Whale anatomy label each picture with the correct body parts. Other features of balaenid anatomy werth 2001, 2007especially a prominent midline gap between left and right baleen racks.
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